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By Oluwatoyin Adeyemi Oyo State, Southwest Nigeria has a serious problem of Sexual and Gender-based Violence (SGBV), which manifests in various forms. Apart from the issues of underaged marriages, rape, incest and physical violence, there is a serious dimension of SGBV, which takes the form of forced economic dependence. This describes a situation in which intimate male partners compel women to forgo pursuing an economic or vocational activity, in order to dominate and control them. For many women trapped in financial dependence, speaking out against abuse can come at a particularly high cost. Nigeria has laws designed to protect survivors of SGBV, but many women still do not know where to find help or how to access the support available to them. Across Oyo State, women continue to experience forms of gender-based violence that do not always leave visible scars. Among them is economic abuse which is the control, restriction or denial of financial resources and opportunities in order to leave women dependent on abusive partners and make it difficult for them to leave such relationships. The hidden face of economic abuse The reality of two women illustrate how economic control can unfold within marriage and other relationships. In line, with standard procedures and best practices, the identities of the women referenced in this report, including their identities and locations have been withheld to protect their privacy. The first, a woman in her early thirties and a mother of two young children, was a make-up artist who had built a thriving business before marriage. She had paid her way through school, learnt her trade and established a shop. After the birth of her first child, however, her husband insisted that she remain at home to care for the children. Her business came to an end. With the loss of her business came the loss of her independent income. Over time, the financial dependence created by the situation made it increasingly difficult for her to exercise the financial freedom she had enjoyed before marriage. The second woman, in her mid-thirties, holds a master’s degree and had aspirations of becoming a lecturer and pursuing a PhD. She narrated how her husband repeatedly asked her to put her career on hold, first until their child turned one. Despite later making a promise that he would support her to establish a business, both promises, including the resumption of her academics were never fulfilled. When she eventually secured a teaching job, the situation deteriorated. Her husband became physically abusive and went to her workplace in an attempt to force her to resign. With assistance from her father, she eventually started a business selling tailoring materials. But rather than easing the conflict, her growing economic independence appeared to intensify her husband’s hostility. He locked up her shop and accused her of being “arrogant” and “refusal to be submissive” because she was earning her own money. The violence eventually forced her to leave the marriage with her children. The matter is now before the courts, including a dispute over ownership of the business premises. These two cases differ in their circumstances, but they point to the same underlying problem: when a woman has no independent source of income or control over resources, her ability to resist abuse, seek help or leave an unsafe relationship can become severely constrained. When economic dependence becomes a tool of control Dr. Abimbola Ayo Afolayan, is a freelance researcher and scholar at the Institute of Peace, Humanitarian and Conflict Studies of the University of Ibadan with interest in Gender Relations. Speaking during a phone interview with our reporter, she stated that economic dependence needs to be understood within the wider framework of violence, power and autonomy. “Violence is not limited to physical harm. It encompasses any act that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including coercion and arbitrary deprivation of liberty,” she said. According to Afolayan, forced economic dependence can reinforce existing power structures through the systematic denial of resources, opportunities and autonomy. “When a woman is economically dependent, her subjugation becomes institutionalised: she cannot bargain and cannot make decisions on her own,” she said. Her observation is particularly relevant to situations where women attempt to regain financial independence. Afolayan noted that when women resist economic control by starting businesses or pursuing economic opportunities, violence can sometimes escalate. She described this as a crucial dynamic because economic independence may be perceived as a challenge to an established pattern of control, with violence then being used to re-establish that control. ...
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